AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE THEORY ANSWERS
INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER FIVE(5) QUESTIONS ONLY
(1ai)
Cooperative farming:
(i) Improved access to markets and prices
(ii) Enhanced productivity through shared resources
(iii) Increased financial stability through joint savings and credit
(1aii)
Farm settlement scheme:
(i) Provided land and infrastructure for new farmers
(ii) Promoted agricultural modernization and mechanization
(iii) Encouraged rural development and job creation
(1aiii)
Agricultural research institute:
(i) Developed new crop and animal varieties
(ii) Improved farming techniques and practices
(iii) Enhanced pest and disease management
(1b)
(i) Dibber: Tractor-mounted planter
(ii) Hoe: Tractor-mounted cultivator
(iii) Sickle: Tractor-mounted mower
(iv) Wheelbarrow: Tractor-mounted loader
(v) Watering can: Tractor-mounted sprinkler
(1ci)
(PICK ONLY 2)
(i) Effective in turning over and breaking up soil
(ii) Helps control weeds and pests
(iii) Prepares soil for seeding and planting
(1cii)
(PICK ONLY 2)
(i) Can damage soil structure and cause erosion
(ii) Requires significant energy and labor
(iii) May not be suitable for all soil types and conditions
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(2a)
Soil pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of soil. It’s represented on a scale that ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. A pH value below 7 indicates acidity, while a value above 7 indicates alkalinity. The pH level of soil can affect the availability of nutrients to plants and the activity of soil organisms.
(2bi)
Cover crops are plants grown between crop cycles to protect and improve soil health, reduce erosion, and provide habitat for beneficial organisms.
(2bii)
(i) Soil erosion control
(ii) Soil fertility improvement
(iii) Weed suppression
(iv) Increased biodiversity
(v) Improved soil structure and water infiltration
(2c)
(i) Wild marigold: Tagetes minuta
(ii) Spear grass: Heteropogon contortus
(iii) Stubborn grass: Sida acuta
(iv) Pigweed: Amaranthus retroflexus
(v) Carpet grass: Axonopus fissifolius
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(3a)
(i) Rhizobium: Fixes atmospheric nitrogen into a form usable by legume plants
(ii) Nitrosomonas: Converts ammonia into nitrite
(iii) Pseudomonas: Decomposes organic matter, releasing nitrogen
(iv) Nitrobacter: Converts nitrite into nitrate, usable by plants
(3bi)
(i) Distorted or curled leaves
(ii) Reduced plant growth and yield
(iii) Transmission of plant viruses
(3bii)
(i) Plant resistant varieties
(ii) Use crop rotation and sanitation
(iii) Apply insecticidal soap or neem oil
(iv) Encourage natural predators, like ladybugs
(3ci)
Forestry is the science and practice of managing forests for sustainable production, conservation, and recreation
(3cii)
(i) Timber (lumber)
(ii) Fuelwood (firewood)
(iii) Pulp and paper
(iv) Resins and turpentine
(v) Medicinal plants and herbs
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(4ai)
Area of farmland in hectares:
300m x 150m = 45,000 square meters
1 hectare = 10,000 square meters
So, 45,000 sq m / 10,000 sq m/ha = 4.5 hectares
(4aii)
Quantity of sorghum seeds required:
Seed rate = 60 kg/ha
Area = 4.5 ha
Seeds required = 60 kg/ha x 4.5 ha = 270 kg
(4aiii)
Quantity of fertilizer required:
Fertilizer rate = 20 kg/ha
Area = 4.5 ha
Fertilizer required = 20 kg/ha x 4.5 ha = 90 kg
(4bi)
(i) Budding involves a single bud, while grafting involves a cutting (scion) joined to a rootstock.
(ii) Budding is typically used for citrus and other small plants, while grafting is used for larger plants like trees.
(4bii)
(i) Orange
(ii) Lemon
(iii) Grapefruit
(iv) Mango
(4ci)
Production ration:
(i) Laying hens (for egg production)
(ii) Dairy cows (for milk production)
(4cii)
Maintenance ration:
(i) Breeding bulls (not in active production)
(ii) Dry cows (not lactating or pregnant)
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(5ai)
Removal of excessive vegetation:
(i) Prevents competition with fish for oxygen and nutrients
(ii) Reduces shelter for predators and pests
(5aii)
Removal of silt:
(i) Improves water clarity and quality
(ii) Increases pond depth and volume
(5aiii)
Supplementary feeding:
(i) Enhances fish growth and productivity
(ii) Supports high stocking densities
(5aiv)
Fertilizer application:
(i) Boosts phytoplankton growth, supporting the food chain
(ii) Increases water fertility and productivity
(5b)
(i) Old age or poor productivity
(ii) Injury or chronic illness
(iii) Genetic defects or poor breeding stock
(iv) Overpopulation or overcrowding
(v) Disease outbreak or risk of transmission
(5c)
(PICK ONLY 5)
(i) Over-stimulation of vegetative growth, leading to weak stems and reduced yields
(ii) Delayed maturity and extended growth period
(iii) Increased susceptibility to pests and diseases
(iv) Reduced root development and water uptake
(v) Imbalanced nutrient uptake and deficiencies
(vi) Decreased soil pH and increased acidity
(vii) Leaching and contamination of groundwater
(viii) Reduced soil fertility and long-term productivity
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(6a)
Agricultural insurance is financial protection plan that covers agricultural producers against various risks such as crop failure, livestock disease, and natural disasters, providing compensation for losses.
(6bi)
Insurance policy: A written contract outlining the terms and conditions of insurance coverage, including type of risk, amount of coverage, premium payment, duration, and procedures for claims and compensation.
(6bii)
Insurance premium: The amount of money paid by a policyholder to an insurance company in exchange for coverage and financial protection.
(6ci)
(i) Face-to-face interaction and direct communication
(ii) Opportunity for farmers to ask questions and clarify doubts
(iii) Demonstration and hands-on experience with the new variety
(iv) Building trust and rapport with the extension agent
(6cii)
(i) Workshops and training sessions
(ii)Print media (brochures, pamphlets, newspapers)
(iii) Electronic media (radio, TV, social media)
(6d)
(i) Threshing: Separating grains from chaff and straw
(ii) Winnowing: Removing chaff and straw from grains
(iii) Drying: Reducing moisture content to prevent spoilage
(iv) Milling: Removing husks and bran to produce brown rice
(v) Polishing: Removing remaining impurities and excess starch to produce white rice
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May 08, 2024, 11:14:52 am
