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Author Topic: CORRECT: 2024 NABTEB PAINTING AND DECORATING ANSWERS (OBJ & ESSAY)  (Read 7245 times)

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Offline MANDINHO

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Offline MANDINHO

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NABTEB 2024 PAINTING AND DECORATING ANSWERS


PAINTING & DECORATING
01-10: CCDBCCDDAD
11-20: CDBABDBBCB
21-30: BCCADDDDAB
31-40: CBBDDCBADC

COMPLETED




NSWER FIVE(5) QUESTIONS ONLY

(1a)
(i) Dry oil: Dry oils, such as linseed oil, undergo oxidation and polymerization when exposed to air. In paint, they serve as binders, helping to bind pigment particles together and adhere them to the painted surface. This process forms a durable, protective film as the paint dries.

(ii) Anti-skining agent: Anti-skining agents are additives that prevent the formation of a skin or film on the surface of paint in the container or can when exposed to air. They ensure that the paint remains usable and doesn't form a thickened layer that would otherwise need to be removed before use.

(iii) Plasticizer: Plasticizers are substances added to paint formulations to increase flexibility and durability of the dried paint film. By improving flexibility, plasticizers help the paint withstand movements and expansions of the substrate without cracking or peeling.

(iv) Extender: Extenders are materials added to paint to increase its volume without significantly altering its properties. They often act as fillers, improving the paint's coverage, reducing costs, and modifying its texture. Extenders can include minerals like calcium carbonate or clays, which contribute to the bulk and opacity of the paint.

(v) Stabilizer: Stabilizers are compounds added to paint formulations to prevent undesirable chemical reactions or physical changes over time. They help maintain the paint's color, consistency, and performance properties during storage and use, ensuring long-term stability and quality.

(1b)
(i) Talc
(ii) Silica (silicon dioxide)
(iii) Calcium carbonate
(iv) Kaolin (china clay)
============================

(2a)
(i) Independent scaffold
(ii) Putlog scaffold
(iii) Extension scaffold
(iv) Suspended scaffold
(v) Mobile scaffold

(2b)
(i) Standards
(ii) Ledgers
(iii) Putlogs
(iv) Transoms
(v) Boards

(2c)
(i) Standards:
Standards (uprights) provide the main support for the scaffold, transferring the weight of the scaffold and the workers to the ground. They are typically spaced 6-8 feet apart and are usually anchored to the ground or building to prevent tipping or shifting.

(ii) Putlogs:
Putlogs (horizontals) connect the standards to form the scaffold framework, supporting the platform boards and any additional loads (like tools or materials). They help to maintain the scaffold's shape and stability, and may be adjusted to level the scaffold or accommodate uneven terrain.

(iii) Transoms:
Transoms add extra support to the scaffold, helping to distribute the weight more evenly. They prevent the putlogs from bending or sagging under load, help to maintain the scaffold's shape, and prevent racking (diagonal movement). They may also be used to connect multiple scaffolds together to form a larger working platform.
============================

(3a)
(i) Caulking:
Caulking is used to fill gaps, cracks, and seams in the surface of walls. Its primary function in wall preparation is to create a smooth and even surface. This is crucial for wallpaper application because any imperfections in the wall can show through the wallpaper and affect its appearance. Caulking also helps in improving the adhesion of wallpaper by providing a solid base and preventing moisture from getting behind the wallpaper.

(ii) Size solution:
Size solution, also known as wallpaper primer or sizing, is applied to the wall before hanging wallpaper. Its function is to seal the wall surface, making it more uniform in porosity and reducing the absorption rate of the wall. This ensures that the wallpaper adhesive remains workable for a longer period, allowing for easier positioning and adjustment of the wallpaper during hanging. Size solution also promotes better adhesion of the wallpaper to the wall, preventing it from peeling or lifting over time.

(iii) Priming:
Priming involves applying a primer coat to the wall surface before hanging wallpaper. The main functions of priming include sealing porous surfaces to prevent uneven drying of wallpaper adhesive, promoting adhesion by providing a stable surface, and enhancing the durability of the wallpaper installation. Primers also help to hide imperfections in the wall, such as small cracks or patches, ensuring a smoother appearance for the wallpaper.

(3b)
(i) Vinyl wallpaper
(ii) Non-woven wallpaper
(iii) Embossed wallpaper
(iv) Textile wallpaper

(3c)
(i) Vinyl wallpaper:
Vinyl wallpaper is known for its durability and water resistance. It is easy to clean with a damp cloth, making it suitable for areas prone to moisture like kitchens and bathrooms. Vinyl wallpaper is also highly durable and can withstand wear and tear, making it a good choice for high-traffic areas. It comes in a wide range of designs and textures, including embossed patterns that mimic other materials like wood or stone.

(ii) Non-woven wallpaper:
Non-woven wallpaper is made from a blend of synthetic and natural fibers. It is breathable, which means it allows moisture to evaporate through it, making it less prone to mold and mildew growth. Non-woven wallpaper is easy to install and remove since it can be dry-stripped without soaking. It is tear-resistant and does not expand when wet, ensuring a stable and smooth surface after application. Non-woven wallpaper is also available in a variety of textures and patterns, offering versatility in design choices.
============================

(4a)
Flame cleaning is a surface preparation method that uses a high-temperature flame to remove dirt, grime, rust, and other contaminants from a metal surface.

(4b)
(i) Pre-cleaning: Loose debris is removed from the surface.
(ii) Flame application: A high-temperature flame (typically from a propane or acetylene torch) is applied to the surface, heating it to around 500-600°C (932-1112°F).
(iii) Scale removal: The heat causes the rust and scale to flake off, revealing a clean surface.
(iv) Brushing: The surface is brushed to remove any remaining debris.

(4c)
(i) Improved adhesion: The heat helps the paint adhere better to the metal surface, forming a stronger bond.
(ii) Faster drying: The heat accelerates the drying process of the paint, reducing the overall painting time.
(iii) Prevention of flash rusting: Hot metal surfaces are less likely to develop flash rusting, a common issue when painting cold metal surfaces.
============================

(5a)
(i) Faster coverage: Spray guns can cover large areas much quicker than brushes.
(ii) Smoother finish: Spray guns produce a smooth, even finish, free from brush strokes and marks.
(iii) Less labor: Spray guns require less physical effort and labor than brushes, making them ideal for large projects.
(iv) Better penetration: Spray guns can reach into small crevices and corners, providing better coverage and penetration.

(5b)
(i) Air Transformer: Converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to compress air, increasing its pressure for use in various applications. This conversion allows the compressor to generate high-pressure air, which is essential for powering pneumatic tools and equipment.

(ii) Air Receiver: Acts as a storage tank for compressed air, allowing for a steady supply when demand fluctuates and minimizing strain on the compressor motor. The air receiver also helps to smooth out pulsations from the compressor, ensuring a more consistent airflow to tools and equipment.

(iii) Air Regulator: Controls and maintains the pressure of the compressed air as it leaves the compressor, ensuring it matches the requirements of the tools or equipment being used. By adjusting the regulator, users can set the optimal pressure for different tasks, improving efficiency and safety.

(iv) Air Hose: Transports compressed air from the compressor to the point of use, providing flexibility and mobility in applications. Air hoses are typically flexible and durable, allowing operators to reach distant work areas without restricting movement
============================

(6a)
(i) Electrical services: Yellow or Yellow and Black

(ii) Air: Blue or White

(iii) Steam: White or Yellow and Black

(iv) Water: Green or Blue

(v) Acids: Red or Red and White


(6b)
(i) Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, safety glasses, and masks to prevent exposure to harmful chemicals and paint particles.

(ii) Ensure good ventilation in the workshop to prevent inhalation of fumes and vapors.

(iii) Keep flammable materials and ignition sources away from painting areas to prevent fires.

(iv) Handle paint and chemicals with care, following instructions and guidelines for use, storage, and disposal.

(v) Maintain a clean and organized workspace to prevent accidents, slips, and trips, and ensure easy access to emergency equipment and exits.
============================

COMPLETED

 

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