BIOLOGY PRACTICAL ANSWERS
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
(1a)
(i) Pistil
(ii) Ovary
(1b)
(i) Calcium: Bone and teeth formation, muscle contraction.
(ii) Phosphorus: Bone and teeth formation, energy production (ATP).
(1c)
Dental Formula of a Rabbit:
2(I 2/1, C 0/0, PM 3/2, M 3/3) = 28 teeth's.
(1d)
Mammalia
(1e)
(i) Concave lens (near-sightedness)
(ii) Convex lens (far-sightedness)
(1f)
(i) Left Atrium
(ii) Left Ventricle
(iii) Right Atrium
(iv) Right Ventricle
(1g)
(i) Urea
(ii) Carbon dioxide
(1h)
(i) Heartbeat
(ii) Breathing
(1i)
(i) Hooks and suckers for attachment to the host's intestine.
(ii) Ability to absorb nutrients directly from the host’s digestive tract.
(1j)
(i) Vasodilation (widening blood vessels)
(ii) Vasoconstriction (narrowing blood vessels)
(1k)
(i) Duodenum
(ii) Ileum
(1l)
(i) Queen
(ii) Workers
(iii) king
(iv) soldiers
(1m)
(i) Meat (animal products)
(ii) Legumes (such as beans and lentils)
(1n)
(i) Specificity (catalyzes specific reactions)
(ii) Catalysis (speeds up chemical reactions)
(1o)
(i) Cerebrum
(ii) Cerebellum
(iii) Brainstem
(iv) Medulla Oblongata
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(2ai)
Fig 1: Thoracic Vertebra
Fig 2: Lumbar Vertebra
(2aii)
(I) Neural Spine
(II) Neural Arch
(III) Transverse process
(IV) Neural canal
(V) Centrum
(VI) Neural Spine
(VII) Metapophysis
(VIII) Transverse process
(2b)
(I) Neural Spine: Provides attachment points for muscles, ligaments and tendons.
(III) Transverse Process: Serves as an attachment site for muscles, ligaments, and ribs (in thoracic vertebrae)
(IV) Neural Canal (Spinal Canal): It houses and protects the spinal cord
(VII) Metapophysis: It supports lateral movement and flexibility
(2c)
(i) Support: Provides framework and structure for the body.
(ii) Protection: Safeguards internal organs such as the brain (skull), heart and lungs (ribcage), and spinal cord (vertebral column).
(iii) Movement: Serves as attachment points for muscles, enabling movement and locomotion through leverage and mechanical advantage.
=================================
(3a)
Fig 3: Transverse Section of a Dicotyledonous Stem
(3b)
(I) Epidermis
(II) Cortex
(III) Endodermis
(IV) Pericycle
(V) Xylem
(VI) Pith
(VII) Cambium
(VIII) Phloem
(3ci)
(V) Xylem:
Conducts water and minerals from roots to leaves (transportation)
(VII) Cambium:
Produces new cells through cell division (growth)
(VIII) Phloem:
Conducts food from leaves to roots and other parts (translocation)
(3cii)
=TABULATE=
(i) CALCIUM
=Function:
Bone and teeth formation
=Deficiency Symptoms:
Rickets, Weakness, tremors
(ii) IRON
=Function:
Oxygen transport (hemoglobin)
=Deficiency Symptoms:
Anemia, Fatigue, weakness
(iii) IODINE
=Function:
Thyroid hormone production
=Deficiency Symptoms:
Goiter, Hypothyroidism, Cretinism
=================================
(4a)
Longitudinal section of a mango fruit.
(4b)
I. Fruit stalk
II. Epicarp
III. Mesocarp
IV. Endocarp
V. Seed
(4ci)
Drupe
(4cii)
It is a major source of food and nutrition.
(4ciii)
=TABULATE=
FRUIT:
(i) Protects and disperses seeds.
(ii) Developed from ovary and receptacle.
(iii) Attracts animals for seed dispersal.
SEED:
(i) Contains embryo for new plant growth.
(ii) Developed from ovule
(iii) Produces new plant growth for continuation of species
=================================
(5ai)
Ecosystem: An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their physical environment in a specific area.
(5aii)
Habitat: A habitat is the natural environment where a particular species of plant, animal, or other organisms lives and grows.
(5aiii)
Food Chain: A food chain is a linear sequence of organisms through which energy and nutrients flow, starting from producers and moving up to primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers.
(5aiv)
Food Web: A food web is a complex network of interconnected food chains within an ecosystem, illustrating how different organisms are connected through multiple feeding relationships.
(5bi)
Water leaf ==> Rabbit ==> Snake ==> Man
(5bii)
If all snakes are removed from the ecosystem, there would likely be a significant increase in the rabbit population, as snakes are their natural predators. This increase in rabbits could lead to overgrazing of water leaf plants and other vegetation, potentially disrupting the plant community. This loss of plant life could reduce food availability for other herbivores, destabilize the ecosystem, and lead to a decline in biodiversity.
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COMPLETED
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May 24, 2024, 11:00:16 am
