CIVIC EDUCATION ANSWERS
CIVIC OBJ
01-10: DDAABBCADB
11-20: AABCAABBDB
21-30: CCACCCDBDA
31-40: DAACDDDDBC
41-50: DCADAADABC
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ANSWER FOUR(4) QUESTIONS ONLY
(1a)
Citizenship refers to the status of being a member of a particular country or nation, with all the rights, privileges, and responsibilities that come with it. It involves a sense of belonging, loyalty, and identity with the state and its community.
(1b)
(i) Right to vote and participate in the democratic process
(ii) Right to freedom of speech and expression
(iii) Right to equality before the law
(iv) Right to life, liberty, and security of person
(v) Right to education and access to public services
(vi) Right to own property and engage in economic activities
(1c)
(i) Legal restrictions: Citizens' rights may be limited by laws and regulations, such as restrictions on free speech or assembly.
(ii) Social responsibilities: Citizens' rights may be balanced against their responsibilities to the community, such as paying taxes or serving on a jury.
(iii) Constitutional boundaries: Citizens' rights may be limited by the constitution or higher laws, such as limitations on individual rights to protect national security or public safety.
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(2a)
UDHR stands for Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It is a foundational document adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, outlining the fundamental human rights and freedoms that should be universally protected and respected.
(2b)
(i) Freedom from discrimination (Article 2) - Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in the UDHR, without distinction of any kind.
(ii) Freedom of thought, conscience, and religion (Article 18) - Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion; this includes freedom to change their religion or belief.
(iii) Freedom of opinion and expression (Article 19) - Everyone has the right to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas through any media.
(iv) Freedom of peaceful assembly and association (Article 20) - Everyone has the right to peaceful assembly and association, including the right to form and join trade unions.
(v) Freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention (Article 9) - No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention, or exile.
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(3a)
A leader is an individual who guides, directs, and influences a group of people or an organization towards a common goal or vision. They possess certain qualities, skills, and traits that enable them to inspire, motivate, and empower others to work towards a shared objective.
(3b)
(i) Self-interest: Bad leaders prioritize their own interests, power, and wealth over the well-being and needs of their followers.
(ii) Lack of empathy: They fail to understand and relate to the concerns, struggles, and emotions of their followers, leading to neglect and exploitation.
(iii) Poor communication: Bad leaders often fail to listen actively, communicate clearly, and provide transparency, leading to mistrust and confusion among their followers.
(iv) Incompetence: They lack the necessary skills, knowledge, and expertise to make informed decisions, leading to poor outcomes and harm to their followers.
(v) Abuse of power: Bad leaders often exploit their position and authority to manipulate, coerce, and oppress their followers, rather than serving and empowering them.
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(4a)
A constitution is a fundamental document that outlines the basic structure, powers, and limits of a government, as well as the rights and duties of citizens. It serves as the supreme law of the land, establishing the framework for governance and ensuring the rule of law.
(4b)
(i) Establishes the framework of government: Defines the branches of government, their powers, and relationships.
(ii) Protects individual rights and freedoms: Guarantees fundamental rights and liberties, such as speech, assembly, and equality.
(iii) Separation of powers: Divides power among branches to prevent abuse and ensure accountability.
(iv) Promotes stability and continuity: Provides a foundation for governance, enduring beyond individual leaders or governments.
(v) Sets limits on government power: Establishes checks and balances, preventing the concentration of power and protecting citizens from abuse.
(4c)
(i) Written sources: A single, comprehensive document, such as the United States Constitution or the Constitution of India.
(ii) Unwritten sources: Conventions, customs, and judicial decisions that evolve over time, such as the British Constitution, which is based on precedents, traditions, and court rulings.
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(5a)
Democracy is a system of government where power is held by the people, either directly or through elected representatives. It is characterized by free and fair elections, protection of individual rights and freedoms, and accountability of the government to the citizens.
(5b)
(i) Promotes Accountability: Democracy ensures that elected officials are accountable to the people, reducing the risk of corruption and abuse of power.
(ii) Protects Human Rights: Democracy guarantees fundamental rights and freedoms, such as speech, assembly, and association, which are essential for individual development and national progress.
(iii) Encourages Participation: Democracy provides opportunities for citizens to participate in the decision-making process, either directly or through representatives, fostering a sense of ownership and responsibility.
(iv) Ensures Stability and Peace: Democracy helps to manage conflicts and disputes peacefully, reducing the risk of violence and instability, and promoting national cohesion and unity.
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(6a)
Human trafficking is the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of persons through force, coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, or abuse of power for the purpose of exploitation, which can include sexual exploitation, forced labor, organ removal, or other forms of exploitation.
(6b)
(i) Poverty and Economic Hardship: Many Nigerians, especially in rural areas, live in poverty, making them vulnerable to false promises of employment or a better life.
(ii) Lack of Education and Awareness: Limited access to education and awareness about the risks of human trafficking makes it difficult for people to recognize the signs of trafficking and protect themselves.
(iii) Corruption and Weak Law Enforcement: Corruption and inadequate law enforcement enable traffickers to operate with impunity, making it challenging to combat human trafficking.
(iv) Cultural and Social Factors: Certain cultural and social practices, such as the belief in juju (black magic) or the stigmatization of victims, can contribute to human trafficking.
(v) Conflict and Instability: The Boko Haram insurgency and other conflicts in Nigeria have led to displacement, making people more vulnerable to trafficking, and creating an environment where traffickers can operate.
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