Earlyface

*Civic Education*

OBJ

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Theory!!

Pls let note there are four questions in section A and four from Section B.

Section A:
1a
-Most people get the virus by having unprotected sex with someone who has HIV.
-Another common way of getting it is by sharing drug needles with someone who is infected with HIV.
-The virus can also be passed from  mother to her baby during pregnancy, birth, or
breastfeeding .

-From blood transfusions. In some cases, the virus may be transmitted through blood transfusions.

b)
-Fever.
-Sore throat.
-Severe Headache .
-Muscle aches and joint pain.
-Swollen glands (swollen lymph nodes ).
-Skin rashes
-Nosea

2a) Human trafficking is the trade of humans, most commonly for the purpose of forced labour, sexual slavery, or commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker or others.
b)
-LACK OF OPPORTUNITIES/UNEMPLOYMENT: There is no gain saying the fact that most people who give their
consent to be trafficked did so believing there are better
opportunities at destination which goes to say that the origin
countries had limited or no opportunities for its citizenry.

-IGNORANCE/ILLITERACY: It is said that knowledge is power. Those who are not aware of the
ills and effects of human trafficking are more susceptible to fall
prey to the traffickers than the others. Information on trafficking
empowers people to be on guide and take measures to avoid
being a victim.

-SITUATION OF ARMED CONFLICT: Armed conflict is a two edged sword. On the part of origin or
source victims would be willing to escape from the conflict area
thereby becoming vulnerable. On the other hand, destination
countries in conflict or war would demand for victims to help them.

GLOBALISATION
The world they say is a global village and as such recruitment has
been made easy. The vulnerable only knows that his chance of
survival economically is higher in developed societies.

-GREED
: The get rich quick syndrome has eaten deep into the minds of the
young people in developing countries. Unfortunately, the society
pays little emphasis on the source of wealth of their people making
the youths eager to find ways to acquire wealth and be celebrated.

DESIRE TO EARN A LIVING
: In Nigeria and most other African countries for instance, where
person will graduate from the university and remain unemployed
 3 to 4 years without any form of employment would not want to miss any opportunity that he feels will eliminate his desire to earn
a meaningful living.

Section B:
5a)
Citizenship is the status of a person recognized under the custom or law as being a legal member of a sovereign state or part of a nation .

5b)
i) Citizenship by Birth ( jus sanguinis). If one or both of a person's parents are citizens of a given state, then the person may have the right to be a citizen of that state as well

ii)Citizenship by Registration
A person can be a citizen of a country through registration. This mostly occurs to women who marry foreign nationals. For instance, a Gambian woman married to a Nigerian may register as a citizen of Nigeria but she must satisfy certain conditions such as residing in Nigeria and should take the oath of allegiance to Nigeria and renounce her Gambian citizenship.

iii) Citizenship by Naturalization
This is another way through which an individual can acquire citizenship in a country. Through this method, the individual must satisfy certain basic conditions such as in the case of Nigeria, the individual must have lived in Nigeria for not less than 15 years, he must have a job, he must be an honourable person, that is, not a criminal and must be recommended by a very important person in the country.

iv)Citizenship by Descent
This is a method of acquiring citizenship of another country as a result of the fact that his grandparents are citizens of the country.

7a)
Civil society refers to any non-governmental entity formed by a group of people with similar interests who come together to work on a common goal

7b)
i)Civil society makes state at all level to be accountable, responsive and to be more effective. They help to limit and control the power of the state

ii)It promotes political participation through the process of educating people about the about their rights and obligations as democratic citizen and also encourage them to participate in election.

iii)Building community; engagement and participation in voluntary associations also has the potential to strengthen bonds among citizens.

iv)Socialization; civil society contributes to the formation and practice of democratic attitudes among citizens. Thus people learn to develop tolerance, mutual trust and the ability to relate with people.

v)It can also help to play an important role in meditating and helping to resolve conflict.

8a) It a
 refers to the procedure of involving majority of the citizens of a country in the decision making processes, especially on issues that affect the welfare of the generality of the populace.

b)
-Bad Governance: The government of Nigeria for instance rules in a bad and carefree manner, their act does not motivate people thereby making people to ignore and nonchalant to political activities.

-Rigging of election: so many citizens belief that no matter the level of security election are going to be rigged either directly or indirectly thereby they see voting as a waste of time and energy.

-Past History of Political Occurrence: Due to the fact that some family members, friends and relatives have been victimized in the process of participating in political issues, because of this experience people decide not to participate in politics.

-Violent Campaign: Sometimes, the way political parties carry out their carry out their campaigns appears too violent and this can lead to lack of interest in politics.